India is one of the richest countries in the world when it comes to biodiversity. From dense forests and snowy mountains to mangroves and deserts, every region is home to unique wildlife species.
To protect this natural wealth, the country has established a vast network of wildlife sanctuaries. These are protected areas created to safeguard animals, birds, and plants in their natural habitats.
If you’re wondering how many wildlife sanctuaries are there in India, let’s explore the latest figures, their importance, and how they contribute to conserving the country’s incredible wildlife heritage.
Total Number of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
As of 2025, India has 573 wildlife sanctuaries spread across different states and union territories. These sanctuaries cover an area of approximately 123,000 square kilometers, which is around 3.7% of India’s total geographical area.
These protected areas are managed under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, ensuring that animals, plants, and ecosystems are conserved for future generations. The number of sanctuaries continues to grow as more regions are being declared protected due to increasing environmental awareness.
What Is a Wildlife Sanctuary?
A wildlife sanctuary is a protected area where the natural habitat of animals and plants is preserved. Human activities like hunting or poaching are strictly prohibited, though limited tourism and research may be allowed under supervision.
Unlike national parks, which have stricter regulations, sanctuaries allow more flexibility for local communities to coexist with nature. Their main goal is to provide safe breeding grounds for wildlife while maintaining ecological balance.
Difference Between National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
While both are designed to protect wildlife, there are key differences between the two:
| Feature | Wildlife Sanctuary | National Park |
| Purpose | Protect animals, birds, and plants in natural habitats | Protect ecosystems with stricter rules |
| Human Activity | Limited human presence allowed | No human activity permitted |
| Boundaries | Not always fixed by law | Legally defined and strict |
| Grazing Rights | Sometimes allowed | Not allowed |
| Example | Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary | Jim Corbett National Park |
State-Wise Distribution of Wildlife Sanctuaries
Every state in India has at least one wildlife sanctuary, and some states have dozens. Below is an overview of states with the highest number of sanctuaries:
Madhya Pradesh: 25 sanctuaries
Maharashtra: 49 sanctuaries
Uttar Pradesh: 25 sanctuaries
Karnataka: 35 sanctuaries
Tamil Nadu: 31 sanctuaries
Rajasthan: 25 sanctuaries
Kerala: 18 sanctuaries
Assam: 18 sanctuaries
Odisha: 19 sanctuaries
These sanctuaries collectively protect thousands of species, including tigers, elephants, leopards, rhinos, deer, and countless birds and reptiles.
Famous Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
India’s sanctuaries are globally famous for their natural beauty and diverse wildlife. Here are some of the most well-known ones:
1. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (Rajasthan)
Also known as Keoladeo National Park, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for migratory birds like Siberian cranes and pelicans.
2. Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary (Odisha)
Located near Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, it is home to flamingos, herons, and dolphins.
3. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala)
Nestled in the Western Ghats, Periyar is known for elephants, tigers, and lush forests around a scenic lake.
4. Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary (Assam)
Now a national park, Kaziranga was once a sanctuary established to protect the one-horned rhinoceros.
5. Gir Wildlife Sanctuary (Gujarat)
Home to the Asiatic lions, Gir is the only place in the world where these lions live in the wild.
6. Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (Karnataka)
Known for dense forests and sightings of tigers, elephants, and leopards.
These sanctuaries not only protect endangered species but also attract eco-tourists from around the world.
Importance of Wildlife Sanctuaries
Wildlife sanctuaries play a key role in preserving India’s ecological heritage. Here’s why they matter:
Protect Endangered Species: Provide safe homes for rare animals and plants.
Maintain Ecological Balance: Help sustain forest cover and natural water systems.
Promote Research and Education: Serve as natural laboratories for scientists and students.
Support Tourism: Attract eco-tourists and create jobs for local communities.
Cultural Value: Many sanctuaries are located near sacred groves or ancient forests with cultural importance.
Role of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 is the main law that governs sanctuaries and national parks in India. It ensures:
Protection of wild animals and their habitats.
Regulation of hunting, trade, and poaching.
Establishment of sanctuaries and national parks.
Penalties for illegal wildlife activities.
This law laid the foundation for modern wildlife conservation in India and has been strengthened through various amendments.
Challenges Faced by Wildlife Sanctuaries
Despite their importance, sanctuaries face several problems that threaten their survival:
Deforestation and habitat loss due to human encroachment.
Poaching and illegal trade in animal parts.
Climate change affecting forests and water sources.
Human-wildlife conflicts in buffer zones.
Lack of funding and management in smaller sanctuaries.
The government, NGOs, and local communities are now working together to solve these issues through sustainable conservation programs.
Recent Developments
In recent years, India has announced new sanctuaries to expand its conservation network. For example:
Bansagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh was upgraded for tiger protection.
Eco-sensitive zones have been declared around sanctuaries to prevent construction and mining activities.
Use of drone surveillance and camera traps has improved wildlife monitoring.
These developments show India’s dedication to protecting its biodiversity.
Conclusion
As of 2025, India has 573 wildlife sanctuaries, protecting everything from the Bengal tiger to the smallest butterfly. These sanctuaries are living symbols of India’s respect for nature and its commitment to sustainable development.
From the Himalayas to the southern coasts, these protected lands ensure that India’s wildlife continues to thrive for generations to come.
FAQs
How many wildlife sanctuaries are there in India in 2025?
India has 573 wildlife sanctuaries as of 2025, spread across different states and union territories. Together, they cover over 123,000 square kilometers, providing safe habitats for thousands of species. The number has steadily increased since independence, reflecting India’s strong commitment to environmental and wildlife conservation efforts.
Which is the largest wildlife sanctuary in India?
The Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat is the largest in India, covering around 7,505 square kilometers. It’s famous for its salt marshes, desert landscapes, and wildlife like flamingos, wild asses, and migratory birds. It plays a vital role in protecting the fragile desert ecosystem.
Which is the smallest wildlife sanctuary in India?
The Bor Tiger Sanctuary in Maharashtra is among the smallest, with an area of about 138 square kilometers. Despite its size, it houses rich biodiversity including tigers, leopards, deer, and several bird species. Its compact size allows effective monitoring and focused protection of wildlife populations.
Which state has the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries?
Maharashtra has the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries in India, with 49 sanctuaries in total. These cover diverse landscapes like coastal regions, hills, and forests. The state’s efforts in conservation have made it one of the most ecologically rich regions in the country today.
What is the purpose of a wildlife sanctuary?
The main purpose of a wildlife sanctuary is to protect animals, plants, and ecosystems from human interference. Sanctuaries serve as safe habitats where species can live, breed, and grow freely. They also promote research, education, and ecotourism, helping balance conservation with community development.
